Angiogenesis assessment in experimental third degree skin burns: a histological and immunohistochemical study
Vol. 52 No. 3 Suppl., 2011
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ROMANIAN JOURNAL of MORPHOLOGY and EMBRYOLOGY
Cristina Jana Busuioc, Florina Carmen Popescu, G. D. Mogosanu, I. Lascar, Ionica Pirici, O. T. Pop, L. Mogoanta
In the past 30 years, after the discovery of vascular proliferation factors, angiogenesis is one of the most intensively studied fields. Restoring the vascular network after burn injury is essential for healing, as it brings oxygen and nutrients to injured tissues, improves the contribution of inflammatory cells and prepares the damaged area for repair and tissue regeneration. To study the process of angiogenesis we used seven groups of five animals, each of adult Wistar rats, which were inflicted with third degree skin burns. From each group of animals, we sampled at successive intervals of three days the entire burnt wound with a ring of surrounding normal skin. Sampled skin fragments were processed for paraffin inclusion, sectioned with a microtome and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin or Masson trichrome. The samples were also analyzed using single chromogenic immunohistochemistry or double immunofluorescence for the presence of CD34 and alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). Angiogenesis process started at about three days after the burn infliction, with the appearance of tubular structures lined by CD34-positive cells. Subsequently, these cells showed intense proliferative activity that generated a network that included progressive neovascularization around the wound surface. Maximum vascular proliferation occurred at 9-15 days after injury, when the number of capillaries reached 229/mm(2), and the total area of capillary angiogenesis at 100.27 micro-m(2) (about 10% of the section area). Subsequently, the process of angiogenesis was gradually reduced, but remained at moderate levels after wound healing. During the process of angiogenesis, there was a very close relationship between CD34-positive cells and pericytes (as alpha-SMA-positive).
Corresponding author: Laurentiu Mogoanta, Professor, MD, PhD, e-mail: laurentiu_mogoanta@yahoo.com
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B. V. Murlimanju, Chandni Gupta, D. Samiullah, Latha V. Prabhu, Mangala M. Pai, Chettiar Ganesh Kumar, M. S. Somesh
Objectives: The goal of the study was to evaluate the gross morphology of the coronal, sagittal and lambdoid sutures in human adult dried skulls and to determine if any difference exists in terms of patency. Materials and Methods: The study included 78 human dry skulls of Indian population. The coronal, sagittal and lambdoid sutures were analyzed using the modified grading scale (Sabini RC and Elkowitz DE, 2006) for quantifying the sutural patency. An open suture was graded as 0, a fused suture as 1 and an obliterated suture as 2, 3 or 4, depending on the extent of obliteration. Results: In coronal suture, the grade 1 suture was seen in 3.9%, grade 2 in 55.1%, grade 3 in 33.3%, and grade 4 in 7.7% of the cases. The sagittal sutures had grade 1 in 2.6%, grade 2 in 46.1%, grade 3 in 37.2%, and grade 4 in 14.1% of the cases. In contrast, the lambdoid suture showed 23.1% grade 1, 55.1% grade 2, 16.7% grade 3, and 5.1% grade 4 sutures. The grade 0 suture morphology was not observed in any of the skulls. Conclusions: When compared with the coronal and sagittal sutures, the lambdoid suture was more likely to be patent. The prolonged patency of the lambdoid suture may be due to external forces acting on it. The greater number of muscles acting on the lambdoid suture compared to coronal and sagittal sutures may be considered as the cause. We believe that, these findings may be helpful to the researchers who are interested in biomedical science and osteopathic manipulative medicine. The findings are also enlightening for the neuroscientists, morphologists, anthropologists and clinicians.
Corresponding author: B. V. Murlimanju, Assistant Professor, MD, e-mail: flutesnowmm@gmail.com, murali.manju@manipal.edu
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