Morphological and topographical anatomy of nutrient foramina in human upper limb long bones and their surgical importance

Vol. 52 No. 3 Suppl., 2011
This supplement was not sponsored by Outside Organizations.

ROMANIAN JOURNAL of MORPHOLOGY and EMBRYOLOGY

B. V. Murlimanju, K. U. Prashanth, Latha V. Prabhu, Vasudha V. Saralaya, Mangala M. Pai, Rajalakshmi Rai

Objectives: To study the morphology and topography of nutrient foramina and to determine the foraminal index of the upper limb long bones. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 243 upper limb long bones, which included humeri, radii, and ulnae. The nutrient foramina were identified macroscopically in all the bones and an elastic rubber band was applied around these foramina. The bones were photographed with the digital camera and foramen index was calculated. Each bone was divided into five equal parts and was analyzed topographically. Results: From our observations, 93.8% of the humeri had single nutrient foramen. The double foramen was observed in 3.1% of the cases and the foramen was found absent in 3.1% of the humeri. In case of radius, 94.4% had single foramen, 1.4% had double foramen, and in 4.2% of the cases, it was absent. With respect to ulna, all the 75 bones had single foramen. The mean foraminal index was 57.6 for the humerus, 34.4 for both the ulna and radius. The majority (70%) of the foramina in humerus were located at the 3/5th part, 83.6% of the ulnae foramina at the 2/5th part and 87.7% of the radii foramina at the 2/5th part. Conclusions: The study has provided additional information on the morphology and topography of nutrient foramina in upper limb long bones. The knowledge about these foramina is useful in certain surgical procedures to preserve the circulation. As microvascular bone transfer is becoming more popular, a convention for the anatomical description of these foramina is important.

Corresponding author: B. V. Murlimanju, MD, e-mail: flutesnowmm@gmail.com

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ROMANIAN JOURNAL of MORPHOLOGY and EMBRYOLOGY

Corina Tiulea, Camelia Peev, Diana Brezovan, Cristina Dehelean, A. Motoc

The aim of this study is to make a comparison between the action of genistein and total soy extract regarding anticancer action on two different in vivo models: phytobiological test and animal model, and to see which of the two tested samples present a greater antiproliferative effect. Soybean seeds were grounded and a solvent formed of DMSO-ethanol-water in rapport 5-70-25 v/v/v was prepared. The extraction was made using an ultrasonic bath (Falc LCD Series) for 30 minutes, 59 kHz. The solvent was evaporated with a rotary evaporator at 50 degrees C. Genistein was acquired from Extrasynthese (France), hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (HPGCD) from Cyclolab Hungary, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) from Sigma Aldrich, Germany. Because of the poor water solubility, genistein was prepared in a complex with hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin in a molar ratio 1:2 by kneading method and total soy extract in a mass ratio 1:4 also by kneading method. Phytobiological test indicated an inhibition index over 50% in case of solutions of concentration between 8-33% in both samples, suggesting a possible antiproliferative action at a superior level. Study on C57BL/6J mice was made on which it was induced cancer with physical agents like DMBA, and it was promoted with TPA. Mice where divided in four groups: Group A - blank group, Group B - mice who received total soy extract, Group C - mice who received genistein, Group D - untreated mice. Results on animal model show that both soy total extract and genistein inhibited the initiation and promotion of chemically-induced skin tumorigenesis, but genistein had a greater success in recovering skin lesions type experimental malignant melanoma.

Corresponding author: Corina Tiulea, e-mail: corina_tiulea@yahoo.com

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